Brandon Garrett, a University of Virginia law professor, writes that 36 of the 37 false confessions he had studied included some details of the relevant crime, that is, every one but Hayes'. Because the suspects who implicated themselves are now known to be innocent, we can assume that investigators – consciously or otherwise – gave crime-scene details that the suspects later parroted back. But Hayes, Garrett writes, "relayed no specific information concerning the crime. Hayes was still convicted, though DNA excluded him and his co-defendant."