Information is often presented in a way that is difficult to translate into easily understood concepts, a sentiment echoed by Daniel F. McCarter, MD, the associate chief medical officer of ambulatory services at the University of Virginia Health System. "The data may be there to figure out the downstream effect but it typically has to be calculated," McCarter said. "In addition, the vast majority of medical education is devoted to the biomedical disease-based model and not to the statistical population model. Therefore, doctors either are not trained or are not used to thinking ...