There are indications that foreign corporations may face stricter penalties than domestic companies have in U.S. criminal cases. Brandon Garrett, a law professor at the University of Virginia who is working on a book about corporate prosecutions, said he examined more than 2,250 corporate convictions and criminal settlements from 2001 to 2012 and found that foreign firms were fined an average of $35 million, compared with $4.7 million for domestic firms.