UVA and Partners Have a Bold Goal: Manufacturing Human Tissue

University of Virginia biomedical engineers and physicians have earned a role in a new, national initiative that will develop technologies for manufacturing human tissues and organs, with the goal of making them readily available to patients.

A public-private effort, the Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute brings together a consortium including UVA and nearly 100 other partners from industry, government, academia and the non-profit sector. The consortium will lead the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Manufacturing USA Institute on behalf of the U.S. Department of Defense.

The federal government will provide approximately $80 million, and the partner organizations combined will contribute more than $200 million to support the development of tissue and organ manufacturing capabilities. 

The schools of Engineering and Medicine at UVA bring a unique set of strengths to the partnership, including ongoing collaboration and expertise in cell and tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, orthopedics, computational modeling, advanced materials research and chemical engineering.

UVA has one of the few, top-of-the-line, 3-D bioprinters in the country; the bioprinters are used to “print” living tissue with the aim of eventually fabricating full human organs. UVA’s Good Manufacturing Practice Facility isolates islets – clusters of pancreatic cells – for transplantation. UVA Engineering also has a microfabrication clean-room facility, which is a dust-free, temperature- and humidity-controlled laboratory equipped with more than $15 million in high-tech tools for the design and fabrication of advanced materials, devices and circuits. The University is in the process of a $9 million renovation and expansion to that facility.

George J. Christ, a professor of biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery and expert in regenerative medicine, pursued the opportunity for UVA to participate in the consortium. Christ leads UVA’s Laboratory of Regenerative Therapeutics. He also is spearheading two multi-institutional efforts to support upcoming Department of Defense-funded tissue engineering clinical trials, one involving the use of muscle stem cells to repair cleft lip, and another using human hair protein to repair traumatic injuries to leg muscles. Submission of documents for regulatory approval to FDA for both treatments is anticipated in 2017.

George J. Christ is leading two multi-institutional efforts to support upcoming Department of Defense-funded tissue engineering clinical trials. (Photo by Dan Addison, University Communications)

“There’s been a tremendous amount of money and time spent on research and development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” Christ said. “But these efforts so far are largely done in silos. Making a new limb is not the same as making a new kidney or liver or heart.” This means there are no standard processes for manufacturing the cells, tissues and biomaterials needed for limbs and organ repair and replacement on a large enough scale to truly transform patient care.

Part of the consortium’s task will be to find common denominators in cell and tissue engineering so improved and more consistent manufacturing processes can be derived, he said.

“The consortium was looking for partners that are collaborative, with the expertise and facilities to do something truly translational and clinically relevant,” Christ said. “They saw the value in the innovative things we’re doing here at UVA.”

Christ worked with biomedical engineering professor Shayn Peirce-Cottler to identify a team of UVA physicians and researchers, including Dr. A. Bobby Chhabra, chair of orthopedic surgery for UVA Health System.

Biomedical engineering professor Shayn Peirce-Cottler models the highly complex, interconnected system of blood vessels that serve living tissue. (Photo by Dan Addison, University Communications)

“Progress in advanced tissue biofabrication and manufacturing is absolutely critical to the clinical application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technologies and has the potential to revolutionize health care,” Chhabra said. “The UVA Department of Orthopedic Surgery is committed to this effort, because we all recognize the enormous opportunity to transform the lives of our patients.” 

Peirce-Cottler leads the laboratory that brought 3-D bioprinters to UVA; she models the highly complex, interconnected system of blood vessels that serve living tissue. Knowledge of this microvascular system is critical to growing and regenerating tissue.

“Human biology is complicated and dynamic,” Peirce-Cottler said. “We know a lot about how the cells in the body work. What we’re realizing we don’t know as much about is how these cells work when they’re together in a tissue. This is an opportunity to blend the work of many researchers across many aspects of tissue engineering and regeneration, and it could be a game-changer.”

Fred Epstein, chair of UVA’s Biomedical Engineering Department, said, “Such multi-institutional collaborations are required to move complex technologies forward to improve health care. This effort will provide a critical mechanism for ensuring improved manufacturing of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine technologies that will ultimately benefit a broad range of patients.”

Dr. A. Bobby Chhabra, chair of orthopedic surgery for UVA Health System, says regenerative medicine “has the potential to revolutionize health care.” (UVA Health System photo)

Epstein said the timing of the national initiative is excellent, because it comes just as the University’s Board of Visitors is investing $3 million in a Center for Advanced Biomanufacturing in the schools of Engineering and Medicine. The national initiative and the center could attract even more interest and collaboration across UVA, he said.

“Being a member of the Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute team will provide a unique opportunity for UVA to have a leadership role,” he said.

This is the second national institute UVA Engineering has been invited to join in the past year. In July, the school announced its participation in a $140 million coalition aimed at driving technological advances in American manufacturing.

The Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute, based in California, comprises public-private partnerships that are applying research breakthroughs directly to product development, making manufacturing less costly and more competitive in the United States.

“UVA Engineering has strong experience with collaborative, interdisciplinary research programs, in part because we are co-located with UVA’s nationally ranked schools of Medicine, Law and Business,” said Pamela Norris, UVA Engineering’s executive associate dean for research. “This means our researchers have the expertise and resources to make strong and unique contributions to national initiatives that address some of society’s most complex challenges.”

Christ’s dream is to make a difference for the more than 52,000 U.S. soldiers who have been injured in combat, according to U.S. Department of Defense figures of injuries suffered primarily in the Middle East and Afghanistan since 2001. The vast majority of them have soft-tissue injuries from explosive devices, such as head, neck and extremity injuries. Data show that the average age of the injured soldiers from operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom is 26 years.

“If it took us 20 years to develop the capability to help them, those individuals would only be 46 years old,” Christ said. “We have plenty of time to develop treatments that can be useful to them. That’s what keeps me awake at night.”

“There are so many people who have muscle injuries,” he said. “If you’re missing a chunk of muscle due to a traumatic injury that affects multiple tissues (bone, ligament, tendon, cartilage, blood vessels, nerve, skin, etc.), you go into a doctor and they can fix you to some extent, but nobody’s talking about how you can actually get your muscle back. It’s a silent epidemic. If we had a capacity to restore functional muscle tissues, it would revolutionize the treatment of traumatic injuries and improve people’s capacity, contribution and well-being.”

The Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute is the 12^th Manufacturing USA institute, and it will be headquartered in Manchester, New Hampshire.

Under the umbrella of Manufacturing USA, a public-private network that invests in the development of world-leading manufacturing technologies, the Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute will work to integrate and organize the fragmented collection of industry practices and domestic capabilities in tissue biofabrication technology in order to better position the U.S. relative to global competition. The institute will also focus on accelerating regenerative tissue research and creating state-of-the-art manufacturing innovations in biomaterial and cell processing for critical Department of Defense and civilian needs.

“We need to develop 21^st-century tools for engineered tissue manufacturing that will allow these innovations to be widely available – similar to how a 15^th-century tool (the printing press) allowed knowledge to spread widely during the Renaissance,” said inventor Dean Kamen, the institute’s chairman.