In narrow legal terms, the Trump team has lost this fight: when the 2020 census form was distributed last summer, it did not have a citizenship question on it. But in other ways, they have won by default: the battle has sparked deep fear about the census “not only among immigrants and their families, but also among naturalized as well as US-born citizens with immigrant parents,” says Qian Cai, a demographer at the University of Virginia who estimates that 14% of the population is foreign-born.