Groundbreaking Discovery May Lead to Stronger Antibiotics

October 6, 2008 — The last decade has seen a dramatic decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in a mounting public health crisis across the world. A new breakthrough by University of Virginia researchers provides physicians and patients a potential new approach toward the creation of more effective antibiotics.

"As bacteria become more resistant to our current classes of antibiotics, there also has been a general lack of new targets for developing novel antibiotics," said John H. Bushweller, a professor of molecular physiology and biological physics, who led a new study appearing in the Sept. 26 issue of the journal Molecular Cell. "This is a dangerous situation, but our discovery provides a starting point for a completely novel class of antibiotics, acting via a different mechanism."

What Bushweller and fellow researchers at the U.Va. Health System and Harvard Medical School have determined is the structure of a particular integral membrane enzyme, called DsbB — one of the many proteins that reside in cell membranes. These so-called integral membrane proteins are important, because they account for roughly one-third of any genome in the human body and are the targets of more than half of all currently used drugs.

Until now, scientists have been unable to acquire much structural information about these types of proteins. Yet determining a protein's structure is vital in order to understand how it functions and how it can potentially operate as a drug target.

The study led by Bushweller represents the first time scientists have cracked the code required to solve a certain class of membrane protein structure by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the preeminent technique for determining the structure of organic compounds. This novel approach now gives the scientific community a new platform for attempting to determine structures of other important membrane proteins.

"What this means is that not only did we establish NMR spectroscopy as a potent tool for the characterization of the structure, dynamics and function of integral membrane proteins, but we also discovered that the DsbB enzyme is an exciting potential new target agent for the creation of novel antibiotics," Bushweller said. "This could give us the roadmap to an entirely new class of antibiotics."

This story originally appeared on the U.Va. Health System Web site.

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