The conundrum of how the brain relates to consciousness is often called by the nickname “the hard problem.” As Edward F. Kelly and Emily Williams Kelly, researchers in the Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioral Sciences at the University of Virginia, point out in their book, “Irreducible Mind,” “In recent decades brain researchers have begun ‘opening up the black box,’ deploying a formidable array of increasingly sophisticated clinical, pharmacological, biochemical, genetic, neurosurgical, electrophysiological, and behavioral methodologies in e...