Why Would You Appoint Someone From Across the Aisle?

September 24, 2024 By Marc J. Selverstone, selverstone@virginia.edu Marc J. Selverstone, selverstone@virginia.edu

In August, Vice President Kamala Harris, a Democrat, indicated she would consider appointing a Republican to a Cabinet post if she wins the November presidential election. In an essay on the UVA Miller Center for Public Affairs’ Election 2024 blog, Marc Selverstone, Gerald L. Baliles Professor and director of presidential studies at the Miller Center, explains the idea.

Discussions about how a president-elect might unify the country after a contentious campaign have often centered around the appointment of Cabinet or staff officials from the opposing party. Examples of this dynamic are legion and include several cases from President Barack Obama and President George W. Bush’s administrations.

President John F. Kennedy made several such appointments as well, including to the high-profile positions of secretary of the treasury (C. Douglas Dillon), secretary of defense (Robert S. McNamara) and national security adviser (McGeorge Bundy).

Kennedy’s razor-thin victory in 1960 over Republican nominee and sitting vice president Richard M. Nixon led him to recognize the need for governing with an eye on an evenly divided electorate.

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Nixon saw the wisdom in these bipartisan appointments, and when it came time to make them himself, he considered doing so in dramatic fashion. After defeating Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey for the presidency in 1968 – and by a comparably slim margin – Nixon offered Humphrey the post of ambassador to the United Nations. As he told President Lyndon B. Johnson in a phone call just over two weeks after the election, Humphrey’s appointment to the U.N. “would be in the interests of the country.”

Nixon thought it would provide a kind of “continuum” to help the nation, particularly with “this Vietnam thing.” Not only that, as he told Democratic Sen. George A. Smathers of Florida“It would give the appearance that I’m trying to . . . unify the country, which I am.” 

Portrait of Marc Selverstone.

Marc Selverstone, Gerald L. Baliles Professor and director of presidential studies at the Miller Center, said JFK appointed to his Cabinet members of the opposite party in recognition of an evenly divided electorate. (Contributed photo)

Nixon’s election victory, like Kennedy’s eight years earlier, was a close call, at least in the popular vote, and the idea of appointing Democrats to Cabinet posts – Sen. Henry M. “Scoop” Jackson, a Democrat from Washington, was offered but declined the top job at the Pentagon – addressed that political reality.

Nixon went further, however, suggesting Humphrey’s appointment would be good not only for the country’s image at home and abroad, but for Humphrey himself. The Vice President would likely be casting about for a purpose following his defeat, Nixon mused. The president-elect understood the situation well, given his own loss to Kennedy in 1960. When a fellow leaves office, Nixon said, “he’s just sort of at loose ends, and he needs something to do right away.”

Humphrey ultimately declined Nixon’s offer, explaining to Johnson that financial concerns, his reluctance at being “confined to New York” and his interest in possibly returning to the Senate, where he had previously served for 16 years, was leading him to consider other options. But the imagery of Nixon’s proposal – a victorious presidential candidate reaching out to a vanquished opponent – remains a potent symbol of national reconciliation. 

The prospect of such an offer materializing after this year’s election is unlikely, given the polarization of our current politics. Still, in light of the bomb threats, assassination attempts and incendiary rhetoric infusing the current campaign, the winner this November would do well to consider the virtues of making select bipartisan appointments.

Doing so might signal to members of the opposing camp, at the very least, that “We the People” means all of us.

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Marc J. Selverstone

Gerald L. Baliles Professor and Miller Center director of presidential studies